The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our lives and, for some, our tax situations. For many Americans, filing taxes is a daunting and complex task, even in the best of times. Due to changes brought on by the pandemic, there may be even more questions than usual swirling in the minds of tax filers.
Here we break down how changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may affect your personal taxes.
COVID-19 Stimulus Checks
Since the pandemic began in March of 2020, many Americans have received two rounds of Economic Impact Payments, more commonly referred to as stimulus checks. These direct payments came to taxpayers first from the CARES Act in the summer of 2020 and later from the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021. The eligibility for these programs depended on your 2018 or 2019 tax filing.
The Economic Impact Payments are considered refundable tax credits above and beyond a filer’s anticipated refund or tax due for the 2020 tax year. To state it simply, this means that the stimulus checks received, based on your personal eligibility, will not affect your refund or tax bill in 2020.
Recovery Rebate Credit
Most eligible filers received their payments automatically from the IRS by direct deposit or a mailed check. However, if you didn’t receive the full amount of the payments, you may be eligible to claim a Recovery Rebate Credit on your 2020 taxes.
As stated on IRS.gov, “Economic Impact Payments were based on your 2018 or 2019 tax year information. The Recovery Rebate Credit is similar except that the eligibility and the amount are based on 2020 information that you include on your 2020 tax return.”
This Recovery Rebate Credit is especially valuable for filers whose financial situations may have changed from their 2018 or 2019 filings. Eligible filers will receive this money in the form of a smaller tax bill or a bigger refund.
Early Withdrawals from Retirement Accounts
The CARES Act gave Americans additional flexibility to access money saved in retirement accounts. Typically, withdrawals from traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA) and employer-provided accounts come with a 10% withdrawal penalty for anyone under 59 ½ years old. The CARES Act temporarily eliminated this penalty and gives Americans the opportunity to pay this money back into their retirement accounts if they are financially able to do so.
It is important to note that one third of the money withdrawn will be considered income on your tax filing over a period of three years. For example, if you withdrew $9,000, $3,000 will be added to your income for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Alternatively, filers have the opportunity to claim the full income in the year of the withdrawal, which may be advantageous for some.
Taxpayers will report these distributions on Form 8915-E, which was recently released from the IRS for federal filing and most state filings, including Pennsylvania.
Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Waivers
The CARES Act also allowed Americans to forego their annual Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) or return the distribution if it was withdrawn before the passage of the CARES Act.
Required Minimum Distributions (RMD) are the minimum amount that must be withdrawn from retirement accounts annually by Americans over age 70 ½ (if your 70th birthday was before July 1, 2019) or 72 (70th birthday is July 1, 2019 or later).
Unemployment
In 2020, a record-breaking number of Americans filed for unemployment. If you collected unemployment, you may be wondering what effect this will have on your taxes.
Unlike the economic recovery payments, unemployment benefits are taxed by the federal government, including the additional $600 per week some received under the CARES Act. Luckily for Pennsylvanians, in Pennsylvania, unemployment benefits are not taxed at the state or local level. In fact, Pennsylvania allows individuals who receive unemployment to choose to have 10% of their benefits withheld for federal income taxes. (Those receiving unemployment can change their withholding online, if they wish).
If you did not have federal taxes withheld from your unemployment benefits, you may receive a larger-than-expected bill come filing time. If you can’t pay your taxes on time, it’s still important to file by the tax deadline of April 15, 2021 and pay as much as you can. While you will need to pay interest on past-due payments, the IRS is willing to work with taxpayers to discuss payment options.
The Time to File is Now
The IRS urges Americans to file their taxes early and electronically to expedite the process. To receive refunds quickly, the IRS is encouraging taxpayers to use direct deposit.
This year’s tax filing deadline is April 15, 2021.
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